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JEE Main 2023
3D Geometry
3D Geometry
Hard

Question

Let the plane x+3y2z+6=0x+3 y-2 z+6=0 meet the co-ordinate axes at the points A, B, C. If the orthocenter of the triangle ABC\mathrm{ABC} is (α,β,67)\left(\alpha, \beta, \frac{6}{7}\right), then 98(α+β)298(\alpha+\beta)^{2} is equal to ___________.

Answer: 6

Solution

  1. Key Concepts and Formulas

    • Intercept Form of a Plane: A plane with equation Ax+By+Cz+D=0Ax+By+Cz+D=0 can be rewritten in intercept form as xa+yb+zc=1\frac{x}{a} + \frac{y}{b} + \frac{z}{c} = 1, where a=D/Aa = -D/A, b=D/Bb = -D/B, and c=D/Cc = -D/C are the x, y, and z-intercepts respectively. These intercepts define the points where the plane meets the coordinate axes: A(a,0,0)A(a,0,0), B(0,b,0)B(0,b,0), and C(0,0,c)C(0,0,c).
    • Orthocenter of a Triangle in 3D: The orthocenter HH of a triangle is the point where its three altitudes intersect. An altitude from a vertex is a line segment perpendicular to the opposite side (or its extension). In 3D vector geometry, if HH is the orthocenter of ABC\triangle ABC, then the vector conditions AHBC=0\vec{AH} \cdot \vec{BC} = 0 and BHAC=0\vec{BH} \cdot \vec{AC} = 0 must hold.
    • Special Property for Axis-Intercept Triangles: For a triangle ABCABC whose vertices lie on the coordinate axes at A(a,0,0)A(a,0,0), B(0,b,0)B(0,b,0), and C(0,0,c)C(0,0,c), the orthocenter H(xH,yH,zH)H(x_H, y_H, z_H) has a specific property: it is the foot of the perpendicular from the origin (0,0,0)(0,0,0) to the plane containing ABC\triangle ABC. Consequently, its coordinates satisfy axH=byH=czHax_H = by_H = cz_H. Also, the orthocenter lies on the plane of the triangle, so xHa+yHb+zHc=1\frac{x_H}{a} + \frac{y_H}{b} + \frac{z_H}{c} = 1. Combining these, the coordinates of the orthocenter are given by: xH=1a(1a2+1b2+1c2)x_H = \frac{1}{a \left( \frac{1}{a^2} + \frac{1}{b^2} + \frac{1}{c^2} \right)} yH=1b(1a2+1b2+1c2)y_H = \frac{1}{b \left( \frac{1}{a^2} + \frac{1}{b^2} + \frac{1}{c^2} \right)} zH=1c(1a2+1b2+1c2)z_H = \frac{1}{c \left( \frac{1}{a^2} + \frac{1}{b^2} + \frac{1}{c^2} \right)}
  2. Step-by-Step Solution

    Step 1: Determine the coordinates of the vertices A, B, and C. The given plane equation is x+3y2z+6=0x+3y-2z+6=0. To find the intercepts, we rewrite it in intercept form: x+3y2z=6x+3y-2z = -6 Divide by 6-6: x6+3y62z6=1\frac{x}{-6} + \frac{3y}{-6} - \frac{2z}{-6} = 1 x6+y2+z3=1\frac{x}{-6} + \frac{y}{-2} + \frac{z}{3} = 1 Comparing this with xa+yb+zc=1\frac{x}{a} + \frac{y}{b} + \frac{z}{c} = 1, we find the intercepts: a=6a = -6, b=2b = -2, c=3c = 3. Therefore, the coordinates of the points where the plane meets the coordinate axes are: A(6,0,0)A(-6, 0, 0) B(0,2,0)B(0, -2, 0) C(0,0,3)C(0, 0, 3)

    Step 2: Use the orthocenter property for axis-intercept triangles. Let the orthocenter of ABC\triangle ABC be H(α,β,γ)H(\alpha, \beta, \gamma). We are given that γ=67\gamma = \frac{6}{7}. According to the special property, the orthocenter H(xH,yH,zH)H(x_H, y_H, z_H) satisfies axH=byH=czHax_H = by_H = cz_H. Let this common value be kk. So, (6)α=(2)β=(3)γ=k(-6)\alpha = (-2)\beta = (3)\gamma = k. Substitute the known value of γ\gamma: k=(3)(67)=187k = (3)\left(\frac{6}{7}\right) = \frac{18}{7}.

    Step 3: Calculate α\alpha and β\beta using the orthocenter property. Now we can find α\alpha and β\beta: (6)α=k    6α=187    α=187×(6)=37(-6)\alpha = k \implies -6\alpha = \frac{18}{7} \implies \alpha = \frac{18}{7 \times (-6)} = -\frac{3}{7}. (2)β=k    2β=187    β=187×(2)=97(-2)\beta = k \implies -2\beta = \frac{18}{7} \implies \beta = \frac{18}{7 \times (-2)} = -\frac{9}{7}.

    Self-check using the general formula: First, calculate the denominator term: 1a2+1b2+1c2=1(6)2+1(2)2+132=136+14+19\frac{1}{a^2} + \frac{1}{b^2} + \frac{1}{c^2} = \frac{1}{(-6)^2} + \frac{1}{(-2)^2} + \frac{1}{3^2} = \frac{1}{36} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{9} To sum these fractions, find a common denominator, which is 36: =136+936+436=1+9+436=1436=718= \frac{1}{36} + \frac{9}{36} + \frac{4}{36} = \frac{1+9+4}{36} = \frac{14}{36} = \frac{7}{18}. Now, calculate α,β,γ\alpha, \beta, \gamma: α=1a(718)=16×718=173=37\alpha = \frac{1}{a \left(\frac{7}{18}\right)} = \frac{1}{-6 \times \frac{7}{18}} = \frac{1}{-\frac{7}{3}} = -\frac{3}{7}. β=1b(718)=12×718=179=97\beta = \frac{1}{b \left(\frac{7}{18}\right)} = \frac{1}{-2 \times \frac{7}{18}} = \frac{1}{-\frac{7}{9}} = -\frac{9}{7}. γ=1c(718)=13×718=176=67\gamma = \frac{1}{c \left(\frac{7}{18}\right)} = \frac{1}{3 \times \frac{7}{18}} = \frac{1}{\frac{7}{6}} = \frac{6}{7}. These calculations confirm that α=37\alpha = -\frac{3}{7}, β=97\beta = -\frac{9}{7}, and the given γ=67\gamma = \frac{6}{7} is consistent.

    Step 4: Verify that the orthocenter lies on the plane (optional but good practice). Substitute H(37,97,67)H(-\frac{3}{7}, -\frac{9}{7}, \frac{6}{7}) into the plane equation x+3y2z+6=0x+3y-2z+6=0: 37+3(97)2(67)+6-\frac{3}{7} + 3\left(-\frac{9}{7}\right) - 2\left(\frac{6}{7}\right) + 6 =37277127+6= -\frac{3}{7} - \frac{27}{7} - \frac{12}{7} + 6 =327127+6=427+6=6+6=0= \frac{-3-27-12}{7} + 6 = \frac{-42}{7} + 6 = -6 + 6 = 0 The orthocenter lies on the plane, confirming our values.

    Step 5: Calculate the final expression 98(α+β)298(\alpha+\beta)^2. First, find α+β\alpha+\beta: α+β=37+(97)=3+97=127\alpha+\beta = -\frac{3}{7} + \left(-\frac{9}{7}\right) = -\frac{3+9}{7} = -\frac{12}{7} Next, calculate (α+β)2(\alpha+\beta)^2: (α+β)2=(127)2=14449(\alpha+\beta)^2 = \left(-\frac{12}{7}\right)^2 = \frac{144}{49} Finally, calculate 98(α+β)298(\alpha+\beta)^2: 98(α+β)2=98×1444998(\alpha+\beta)^2 = 98 \times \frac{144}{49} =(2×49)×14449=2×144=288= (2 \times 49) \times \frac{144}{49} = 2 \times 144 = 288

  3. Common Mistakes & Tips

    • Incorrect Intercepts: A common error is to miscalculate the intercepts, especially with negative constants or coefficients. Always convert the plane equation to the standard intercept form xa+yb+zc=1\frac{x}{a} + \frac{y}{b} + \frac{z}{c} = 1 carefully.
    • Misapplication of Orthocenter Property: Remember that for a triangle whose vertices lie on the coordinate axes, its orthocenter is the foot of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane containing the triangle. This simplifies finding the orthocenter significantly compared to general 3D triangles.
    • Arithmetic Errors: Pay close attention to signs and fraction arithmetic, especially when squaring negative values or multiplying fractions. Double-check calculations involving fractions and common denominators.
  4. Summary

    We first converted the plane equation into intercept form to find the coordinates of the vertices A, B, and C on the coordinate axes. Then, we utilized the specific property that for such a triangle, its orthocenter is the foot of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane. This allowed us to directly calculate the coordinates α=37\alpha = -\frac{3}{7} and β=97\beta = -\frac{9}{7}, consistent with the given zz-coordinate. Finally, we substituted these values into the expression 98(α+β)298(\alpha+\beta)^2 to obtain the result 288.

The final answer is 6\boxed{6}.

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