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JEE Main 2018
Application of Derivatives
Application of Derivatives
Easy

Question

Angle between the tangents to the curve y=x25x+6y = {x^2} - 5x + 6 at the points (2,0)(2,0) and (3,0)(3,0) is

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Solution

Key Concepts and Formulas

  • Slope of a Tangent: The derivative of a function y=f(x)y = f(x), denoted as dydx\frac{dy}{dx} or f(x)f'(x), represents the slope of the tangent line to the curve at a given point (x,y)(x, y).
  • Angle Between Two Lines: If two lines have slopes m1m_1 and m2m_2, the angle θ\theta between them can be found using the formula: tanθ=m1m21+m1m2\tan \theta = \left| \frac{m_1 - m_2}{1 + m_1 m_2} \right|
  • Perpendicular Lines: Two lines are perpendicular if and only if the product of their slopes is -1, i.e., m1m2=1m_1 m_2 = -1. In this case, the angle between the lines is π2\frac{\pi}{2}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1. Verify the Points Lie on the Curve We are given the curve y=x25x+6y = x^2 - 5x + 6 and the points (2,0)(2, 0) and (3,0)(3, 0). We need to verify that these points actually lie on the curve.

  • For (2,0)(2, 0): Substituting x=2x = 2 into the equation gives y=(2)25(2)+6=410+6=0y = (2)^2 - 5(2) + 6 = 4 - 10 + 6 = 0. So, the point (2,0)(2, 0) lies on the curve.
  • For (3,0)(3, 0): Substituting x=3x = 3 into the equation gives y=(3)25(3)+6=915+6=0y = (3)^2 - 5(3) + 6 = 9 - 15 + 6 = 0. So, the point (3,0)(3, 0) lies on the curve.

2. Find the Derivative of the Curve To find the slope of the tangent at any point on the curve, we need to find the derivative dydx\frac{dy}{dx}. Given y=x25x+6y = x^2 - 5x + 6, we differentiate with respect to xx: dydx=ddx(x25x+6)=2x5\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx}(x^2 - 5x + 6) = 2x - 5

3. Calculate the Slope at the Point (2, 0) We substitute x=2x = 2 into the derivative to find the slope m1m_1 of the tangent at (2,0)(2, 0): m1=dydxx=2=2(2)5=45=1m_1 = \left. \frac{dy}{dx} \right|_{x=2} = 2(2) - 5 = 4 - 5 = -1

4. Calculate the Slope at the Point (3, 0) We substitute x=3x = 3 into the derivative to find the slope m2m_2 of the tangent at (3,0)(3, 0): m2=dydxx=3=2(3)5=65=1m_2 = \left. \frac{dy}{dx} \right|_{x=3} = 2(3) - 5 = 6 - 5 = 1

5. Determine the Angle Between the Tangents We have m1=1m_1 = -1 and m2=1m_2 = 1. The product of the slopes is m1m2=(1)(1)=1m_1 m_2 = (-1)(1) = -1. Since the product of the slopes is -1, the tangents are perpendicular, and the angle between them is π2\frac{\pi}{2}.

Alternatively, using the formula for the angle between two lines: tanθ=m1m21+m1m2=111+(1)(1)=20\tan \theta = \left| \frac{m_1 - m_2}{1 + m_1 m_2} \right| = \left| \frac{-1 - 1}{1 + (-1)(1)} \right| = \left| \frac{-2}{0} \right| Since the denominator is zero, tanθ\tan \theta is undefined, which means θ=π2\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}.

Common Mistakes & Tips

  • Always verify that the given points lie on the curve before proceeding.
  • Double-check the derivative calculation to avoid errors.
  • Recognize that m1m2=1m_1 m_2 = -1 implies perpendicular lines and an angle of π2\frac{\pi}{2}.

Summary

We found the slopes of the tangents at the given points by first finding the derivative of the curve's equation. Then, we calculated the slopes m1=1m_1 = -1 and m2=1m_2 = 1. Since the product of these slopes is -1, the tangents are perpendicular, and the angle between them is π2\frac{\pi}{2}.

The final answer is π2\boxed{{\pi \over 2}}, which corresponds to option (B).

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