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JEE Main 2022
Binomial Theorem
Binomial Theorem
Hard

Question

If the 1011th 1011^{\text {th }} term from the end in the binominal expansion of (4x552x)2022\left(\frac{4 x}{5}-\frac{5}{2 x}\right)^{2022} is 1024 times 1011th 1011^{\text {th }}R term from the beginning, then x|x| is equal to

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Solution

Key Concept: The General Term in Binomial Expansion

The general term, or (r+1)th(r+1)^{\text{th}} term, in the binomial expansion of (a+b)n(a+b)^n is given by the formula: Tr+1=(nr)anrbrT_{r+1} = \binom{n}{r} a^{n-r} b^r where (nr)=n!r!(nr)!\binom{n}{r} = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!} is the binomial coefficient.

For the given expansion (4x552x)2022\left(\frac{4x}{5}-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{2022}: We have n=2022n=2022, a=4x5a=\frac{4x}{5}, and b=52xb=-\frac{5}{2x}.


Step 1: Determine the 1011th1011^{\text{th}} term from the beginning

To find the 1011th1011^{\text{th}} term from the beginning, we set r+1=1011r+1 = 1011, which implies r=1010r = 1010. Substituting these values into the general term formula: T1011=(20221010)(4x5)20221010(52x)1010T_{1011} = \binom{2022}{1010} \left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{2022-1010} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1010} T1011=(20221010)(4x5)1012(52x)1010T_{1011} = \binom{2022}{1010} \left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1012} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1010}


Step 2: Determine the 1011th1011^{\text{th}} term from the end

There are two common ways to find a term from the end:

  1. Counting from the beginning: The kthk^{\text{th}} term from the end in the expansion of (a+b)n(a+b)^n is equivalent to the (nk+2)th(n-k+2)^{\text{th}} term from the beginning. Here, n=2022n=2022 and k=1011k=1011. So, the 1011th1011^{\text{th}} term from the end is the (20221011+2)th=1013th(2022 - 1011 + 2)^{\text{th}} = 1013^{\text{th}} term from the beginning. For this term, r+1=1013r+1 = 1013, which means r=1012r = 1012. Substituting into the general term formula: T1011=T1013=(20221012)(4x5)20221012(52x)1012T'_{1011} = T_{1013} = \binom{2022}{1012} \left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{2022-1012} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1012} T1011=(20221012)(4x5)1010(52x)1012T'_{1011} = \binom{2022}{1012} \left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1010} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1012} Tip: Recall the property of binomial coefficients: (nr)=(nnr)\binom{n}{r} = \binom{n}{n-r}. Therefore, (20221012)=(202220221012)=(20221010)\binom{2022}{1012} = \binom{2022}{2022-1012} = \binom{2022}{1010}. This equality will be crucial for simplifying the equation.

  2. Swapping aa and bb: The kthk^{\text{th}} term from the end of (a+b)n(a+b)^n is the kthk^{\text{th}} term from the beginning of (b+a)n(b+a)^n. This method simplifies the power distribution. However, for consistency, we'll continue with the first method as it directly relates to the Tr+1T_{r+1} formula with original aa and bb.


Step 3: Set up the equation based on the given condition

The problem states that the 1011th1011^{\text{th}} term from the end is 1024 times the 1011th1011^{\text{th}} term from the beginning. T1011=1024×T1011T'_{1011} = 1024 \times T_{1011} Substitute the expressions for T1011T'_{1011} and T1011T_{1011} we derived: (20221012)(4x5)1010(52x)1012=1024×(20221010)(4x5)1012(52x)1010\binom{2022}{1012} \left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1010} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1012} = 1024 \times \binom{2022}{1010} \left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1012} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1010}


Step 4: Simplify the equation

We use the binomial coefficient property (20221012)=(20221010)\binom{2022}{1012} = \binom{2022}{1010} to cancel the coefficients from both sides. (4x5)1010(52x)1012=1024×(4x5)1012(52x)1010\left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1010} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1012} = 1024 \times \left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1012} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1010} To further simplify, we divide both sides by the common terms with the lower powers: (4x5)1010\left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1010} and (52x)1010\left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1010}. (4x5)1010(52x)1012(4x5)1010(52x)1010=1024×(4x5)1012(52x)1010(4x5)1010(52x)1010\frac{\left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1010} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1012}}{\left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1010} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1010}} = 1024 \times \frac{\left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1012} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1010}}{\left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1010} \left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1010}} This simplifies to: (52x)10121010=1024×(4x5)10121010\left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{1012-1010} = 1024 \times \left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{1012-1010} (52x)2=1024×(4x5)2\left(-\frac{5}{2x}\right)^{2} = 1024 \times \left(\frac{4x}{5}\right)^{2} Explanation: When squaring a negative term, the result is positive, e.g., (A)2=A2(-A)^2 = A^2. (5)2(2x)2=1024×(4x)252\frac{(-5)^2}{(2x)^2} = 1024 \times \frac{(4x)^2}{5^2} 254x2=1024×16x225\frac{25}{4x^2} = 1024 \times \frac{16x^2}{25} Common Mistake: Forgetting that 1024=2101024 = 2^{10}. Recognizing powers of 2 (or other common bases) can simplify calculations.


Step 5: Solve for x|x|

Now, we need to isolate x2x^2 and then solve for x|x|. Multiply both sides by 4x2×254x^2 \times 25 to clear the denominators: 25×25=1024×16x2×4x225 \times 25 = 1024 \times 16x^2 \times 4x^2 52×52=210×(24)×(22)×x2×x25^2 \times 5^2 = 2^{10} \times (2^4) \times (2^2) \times x^2 \times x^2 54=210×24+2×x2+25^4 = 2^{10} \times 2^{4+2} \times x^{2+2} 54=210×26×x45^4 = 2^{10} \times 2^6 \times x^4 54=216×x45^4 = 2^{16} \times x^4 Now, isolate x4x^4: x4=54216x^4 = \frac{5^4}{2^{16}} To find x|x|, we take the fourth root of both sides. x44=542164\sqrt[4]{x^4} = \sqrt[4]{\frac{5^4}{2^{16}}} x=5442164|x| = \frac{\sqrt[4]{5^4}}{\sqrt[4]{2^{16}}} x=5216/4|x| = \frac{5}{2^{16/4}} x=524|x| = \frac{5}{2^4} x=516|x| = \frac{5}{16}


Summary and Key Takeaway

The absolute value of xx is 516\frac{5}{16}. This problem effectively tests the understanding of the general term in a binomial expansion, how to find terms from the end, and algebraic simplification involving powers. The key takeaway is to carefully apply the binomial theorem, utilize properties of binomial coefficients ((nr)=(nnr)\binom{n}{r} = \binom{n}{n-r}), and meticulously simplify the resulting algebraic equation, paying attention to signs and powers.

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