If the 1011th term from the end in the binominal expansion of (54x−2x5)2022 is 1024 times 1011th R term from the beginning, then ∣x∣ is equal to
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Solution
Key Concept: The General Term in Binomial Expansion
The general term, or (r+1)th term, in the binomial expansion of (a+b)n is given by the formula:
Tr+1=(rn)an−rbr
where (rn)=r!(n−r)!n! is the binomial coefficient.
For the given expansion (54x−2x5)2022:
We have n=2022, a=54x, and b=−2x5.
Step 1: Determine the 1011th term from the beginning
To find the 1011th term from the beginning, we set r+1=1011, which implies r=1010.
Substituting these values into the general term formula:
T1011=(10102022)(54x)2022−1010(−2x5)1010T1011=(10102022)(54x)1012(−2x5)1010
Step 2: Determine the 1011th term from the end
There are two common ways to find a term from the end:
Counting from the beginning: The kth term from the end in the expansion of (a+b)n is equivalent to the (n−k+2)th term from the beginning.
Here, n=2022 and k=1011.
So, the 1011th term from the end is the (2022−1011+2)th=1013th term from the beginning.
For this term, r+1=1013, which means r=1012.
Substituting into the general term formula:
T1011′=T1013=(10122022)(54x)2022−1012(−2x5)1012T1011′=(10122022)(54x)1010(−2x5)1012Tip: Recall the property of binomial coefficients: (rn)=(n−rn). Therefore, (10122022)=(2022−10122022)=(10102022). This equality will be crucial for simplifying the equation.
Swapping a and b: The kth term from the end of (a+b)n is the kth term from the beginning of (b+a)n. This method simplifies the power distribution. However, for consistency, we'll continue with the first method as it directly relates to the Tr+1 formula with original a and b.
Step 3: Set up the equation based on the given condition
The problem states that the 1011th term from the end is 1024 times the 1011th term from the beginning.
T1011′=1024×T1011
Substitute the expressions for T1011′ and T1011 we derived:
(10122022)(54x)1010(−2x5)1012=1024×(10102022)(54x)1012(−2x5)1010
Step 4: Simplify the equation
We use the binomial coefficient property (10122022)=(10102022) to cancel the coefficients from both sides.
(54x)1010(−2x5)1012=1024×(54x)1012(−2x5)1010
To further simplify, we divide both sides by the common terms with the lower powers: (54x)1010 and (−2x5)1010.
(54x)1010(−2x5)1010(54x)1010(−2x5)1012=1024×(54x)1010(−2x5)1010(54x)1012(−2x5)1010
This simplifies to:
(−2x5)1012−1010=1024×(54x)1012−1010(−2x5)2=1024×(54x)2Explanation: When squaring a negative term, the result is positive, e.g., (−A)2=A2.
(2x)2(−5)2=1024×52(4x)24x225=1024×2516x2Common Mistake: Forgetting that 1024=210. Recognizing powers of 2 (or other common bases) can simplify calculations.
Step 5: Solve for ∣x∣
Now, we need to isolate x2 and then solve for ∣x∣.
Multiply both sides by 4x2×25 to clear the denominators:
25×25=1024×16x2×4x252×52=210×(24)×(22)×x2×x254=210×24+2×x2+254=210×26×x454=216×x4
Now, isolate x4:
x4=21654
To find ∣x∣, we take the fourth root of both sides.
4x4=421654∣x∣=4216454∣x∣=216/45∣x∣=245∣x∣=165
Summary and Key Takeaway
The absolute value of x is 165. This problem effectively tests the understanding of the general term in a binomial expansion, how to find terms from the end, and algebraic simplification involving powers. The key takeaway is to carefully apply the binomial theorem, utilize properties of binomial coefficients ((rn)=(n−rn)), and meticulously simplify the resulting algebraic equation, paying attention to signs and powers.