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JEE Main 2023
Circles
Circle
Hard

Question

Consider two circles C1:x2+y2=25C_1: x^2+y^2=25 and C2:(xα)2+y2=16C_2:(x-\alpha)^2+y^2=16, where α(5,9)\alpha \in(5,9). Let the angle between the two radii (one to each circle) drawn from one of the intersection points of C1C_1 and C2C_2 be sin1(638)\sin ^{-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt{63}}{8}\right). If the length of common chord of C1C_1 and C2C_2 is β\beta, then the value of (αβ)2(\alpha \beta)^2 equals _______.

Answer: 1

Solution

1. Key Concepts and Formulas

  • Area of a triangle given two sides and the included angle: A=12absinCA = \frac{1}{2}ab\sin C.
  • Area of a triangle given its base and corresponding height: A=12×base×heightA = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height}.
  • Properties of intersecting circles: The line segment joining the centers of two intersecting circles is the perpendicular bisector of their common chord.

2. Step-by-Step Solution

Step 1: Define the circles and their properties.

We are given two circles:

  • C1:x2+y2=25C_1: x^2+y^2=25 with center O1(0,0)O_1(0,0) and radius R1=5R_1 = 5.
  • C2:(xα)2+y2=16C_2: (x-\alpha)^2+y^2=16 with center O2(α,0)O_2(\alpha,0) and radius R2=4R_2 = 4.

The distance between the centers is O1O2=αO_1O_2 = \alpha, since α(5,9)\alpha \in (5,9), which means α>0\alpha > 0.

Step 2: Analyze the given information and form the triangle.

Let PP be one of the intersection points of C1C_1 and C2C_2. We are given that the angle between the radii at PP is θ=sin1(638)\theta = \sin^{-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt{63}}{8}\right). Thus, sinθ=638\sin \theta = \frac{\sqrt{63}}{8}. We consider the triangle O1PO2\triangle O_1PO_2. The sides are O1P=R1=5O_1P = R_1 = 5, O2P=R2=4O_2P = R_2 = 4, and O1O2=αO_1O_2 = \alpha. The angle O1PO2=θ\angle O_1PO_2 = \theta.

Step 3: Calculate the area of O1PO2\triangle O_1PO_2 using the sine formula.

The area AA of O1PO2\triangle O_1PO_2 is given by: A=12×O1P×O2P×sinθ=12×5×4×638=206316=5634A = \frac{1}{2} \times O_1P \times O_2P \times \sin \theta = \frac{1}{2} \times 5 \times 4 \times \frac{\sqrt{63}}{8} = \frac{20\sqrt{63}}{16} = \frac{5\sqrt{63}}{4}

Step 4: Relate the area to the common chord.

Let PQPQ be the common chord of C1C_1 and C2C_2, and let MM be the midpoint of PQPQ. Then O1O2PQO_1O_2 \perp PQ and PM=MQ=β2PM = MQ = \frac{\beta}{2}, where β\beta is the length of the common chord. PMPM is the height of O1PO2\triangle O_1PO_2 with respect to the base O1O2=αO_1O_2 = \alpha.

Step 5: Calculate the area of O1PO2\triangle O_1PO_2 using the base and height formula.

The area AA of O1PO2\triangle O_1PO_2 is also given by: A=12×base×height=12×O1O2×PM=12×α×β2=αβ4A = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height} = \frac{1}{2} \times O_1O_2 \times PM = \frac{1}{2} \times \alpha \times \frac{\beta}{2} = \frac{\alpha \beta}{4}

Step 6: Equate the area expressions and solve.

We have two expressions for the area AA: αβ4=5634\frac{\alpha \beta}{4} = \frac{5\sqrt{63}}{4} Multiplying both sides by 4, we get: αβ=563\alpha \beta = 5\sqrt{63} Squaring both sides: (αβ)2=(563)2=25×63=25×(60+3)=1500+75=1575(\alpha \beta)^2 = (5\sqrt{63})^2 = 25 \times 63 = 25 \times (60 + 3) = 1500 + 75 = 1575

3. Common Mistakes & Tips

  • Visualizing the Geometry: Draw a diagram to help understand the relationships between the circles, their centers, and the common chord.
  • Using the correct trigonometric identity: Ensure that you use the correct trigonometric identity to find cosθ\cos \theta from sinθ\sin \theta if needed. However, this problem can be solved without finding cosθ\cos \theta.
  • Properties of common chord: Remember that the line joining the centers of the circles is perpendicular to the common chord and bisects it.

4. Summary

We found the area of the triangle formed by the centers of the two circles and one of their intersection points in two ways: using the sine of the angle between the radii and using the length of the common chord as the height. Equating these two expressions allowed us to find the value of (αβ)2(\alpha \beta)^2, which is 1575.

5. Final Answer

The final answer is \boxed{1575}.

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