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JEE Main 2023
Definite Integration
Definite Integration
Hard

Question

If the value of the integral \int_\limits{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\left(\frac{x^2 \cos x}{1+\pi^x}+\frac{1+\sin ^2 x}{1+e^{\sin x^{2123}}}\right) d x=\frac{\pi}{4}(\pi+a)-2, then the value of aa is

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Solution

Key Concept: Properties of Definite Integrals with Symmetric Limits

This problem leverages a crucial property of definite integrals, particularly useful for integrals with symmetric limits, i.e., from a-a to aa. The property states: If I=aaf(x)dxI = \int_{-a}^{a} f(x) \, dx, then we can also write I=aaf(x)dxI = \int_{-a}^{a} f(-x) \, dx. Adding these two forms gives 2I=aa[f(x)+f(x)]dx2I = \int_{-a}^{a} [f(x) + f(-x)] \, dx. This property is often referred to as a variation of King's Rule. It's especially powerful when f(x)+f(x)f(x) + f(-x) simplifies significantly.

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