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JEE Main 2023
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
Hard

Question

Let a>0\mathrm{a}>0 be a root of the equation 2x2+x2=02 x^2+x-2=0. If \lim _\limits{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{16\left(1-\cos \left(2+x-2 x^2\right)\right)}{(1-a x)^2}=\alpha+\beta \sqrt{17}, where α,βZ\alpha, \beta \in Z, then α+β\alpha+\beta is equal to _________.

Answer: 2

Solution

Key Concepts and Formulas

  • Quadratic Equation Roots: For a quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0, the roots are given by the quadratic formula x=b±b24ac2ax = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}.
  • Limit of Trigonometric Functions: The standard limit limθ01cosθθ2=12\lim_{\theta \to 0} \frac{1 - \cos \theta}{\theta^2} = \frac{1}{2} is crucial. This can be derived using L'Hopital's rule or trigonometric identities.
  • Algebraic Manipulation: Factoring, simplifying expressions, and rationalizing denominators are essential for evaluating limits.

Step-by-Step Solution

Step 1: Find the roots of the given quadratic equation. The given equation is 2x2+x2=02x^2 + x - 2 = 0. Using the quadratic formula, the roots are: x=1±124(2)(2)2(2)=1±1+164=1±174x = \frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{1^2 - 4(2)(-2)}}{2(2)} = \frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{1 + 16}}{4} = \frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{17}}{4} Since a>0a > 0 is a root, we have a=1+174a = \frac{-1 + \sqrt{17}}{4}.

Step 2: Analyze the expression inside the cosine function and the denominator of the limit. The expression inside the cosine is 2+x2x22 + x - 2x^2. We can rewrite this by factoring out 2-2: 2+x2x2=2(x212x1)2 + x - 2x^2 = -2(x^2 - \frac{1}{2}x - 1) From the original quadratic equation 2x2+x2=02x^2 + x - 2 = 0, we know that if aa is a root, then 2a2+a2=02a^2 + a - 2 = 0. This implies a2=1a2a^2 = 1 - \frac{a}{2}. Also, if aa and bb are the roots of 2x2+x2=02x^2 + x - 2 = 0, then a+b=1/2a+b = -1/2 and ab=1ab = -1. The roots are a=1+174a = \frac{-1 + \sqrt{17}}{4} and b=1174b = \frac{-1 - \sqrt{17}}{4}. Let's check the relation between the roots and aa. We can write 2x2+x2=2(xa)(xb)2x^2 + x - 2 = 2(x-a)(x-b). Now consider the term 2+x2x22 + x - 2x^2. We can also write 2+x2x2=2x2+x+22 + x - 2x^2 = -2x^2 + x + 2. We can factor this expression. Since aa is a root of 2x2+x2=02x^2 + x - 2 = 0, then 2a2+a2=02a^2 + a - 2 = 0. Consider the expression 2+x2x22 + x - 2x^2. Let's evaluate it at x=1/ax = 1/a. Since 2a2+a2=02a^2 + a - 2 = 0, dividing by a2a^2 (since a0a \neq 0), we get 2+1a2a2=02 + \frac{1}{a} - \frac{2}{a^2} = 0, which means 2a2=2+1a\frac{2}{a^2} = 2 + \frac{1}{a}. This doesn't directly help with 2+x2x22 + x - 2x^2. Let's try to express 2+x2x22+x-2x^2 in terms of (x1/a)(x-1/a). Since aa is a root of 2x2+x2=02x^2+x-2=0, we have 2a2+a2=02a^2+a-2=0. Let's consider the expression 2+x2x22+x-2x^2. We are interested in the limit as x1/ax \to 1/a. If x=1/ax = 1/a, then 2+1a2(1a)2=2+1a2a22 + \frac{1}{a} - 2(\frac{1}{a})^2 = 2 + \frac{1}{a} - \frac{2}{a^2}. From 2a2+a2=02a^2+a-2=0, we have 2=2a2+a2 = 2a^2+a. So, 2+x2x2=(2a2+a)+x2x22+x-2x^2 = (2a^2+a) + x - 2x^2. This is not directly helpful. Let's try to factor 2+x2x22+x-2x^2. We know that 2x2+x2=02x^2+x-2 = 0 has roots aa and b=1174b = \frac{-1-\sqrt{17}}{4}. So, 2x2+x2=2(xa)(xb)2x^2+x-2 = 2(x-a)(x-b). Consider the expression 2+x2x2=(2x2x2)2+x-2x^2 = -(2x^2-x-2). This is not directly related to 2x2+x22x^2+x-2. Let's re-examine the problem statement and the current solution. The current solution uses 2+x2x2=2(x1a)(x+417+1)2+x-2x^2=-2\left(x-\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1}\right). Let's verify this. If x=1/ax = 1/a, then 2+1/a2/a22+1/a-2/a^2. From 2a2+a2=02a^2+a-2=0, multiply by 1/a21/a^2: 2+1/a2/a2=02+1/a-2/a^2=0. So, x=1/ax=1/a is a root of 2+x2x2=02+x-2x^2=0 if we substitute x=1/ax=1/a. This is incorrect. Let's re-evaluate 2+x2x22+x-2x^2 as x1/ax \to 1/a. We are given that aa is a root of 2x2+x2=02x^2+x-2=0. So 2a2+a2=02a^2+a-2=0. Let's consider the expression f(x)=2+x2x2f(x) = 2+x-2x^2. We can write 2+x2x2=2(x212x1)2+x-2x^2 = -2(x^2 - \frac{1}{2}x - 1). Let's try to express 2+x2x22+x-2x^2 in terms of (x1/a)(x-1/a). Let y=x1/ay = x - 1/a. Then x=y+1/ax = y + 1/a. 2+(y+1/a)2(y+1/a)2=2+y+1/a2(y2+2y/a+1/a2)2 + (y+1/a) - 2(y+1/a)^2 = 2 + y + 1/a - 2(y^2 + 2y/a + 1/a^2) =2+y+1/a2y24y/a2/a2= 2 + y + 1/a - 2y^2 - 4y/a - 2/a^2 =2y2+y(14/a)+(2+1/a2/a2)= -2y^2 + y(1 - 4/a) + (2 + 1/a - 2/a^2). Since 2a2+a2=02a^2+a-2=0, we have 2+1/a2/a2=02+1/a-2/a^2 = 0. So, 2+x2x2=2(x1/a)2+(14/a)(x1/a)2+x-2x^2 = -2(x-1/a)^2 + (1-4/a)(x-1/a). This is a quadratic in (x1/a)(x-1/a). Let's look at the denominator: (1ax)2=a2(1/ax)2=a2(x1/a)2(1-ax)^2 = a^2(1/a - x)^2 = a^2(x-1/a)^2.

Step 3: Use the limit of (1cosθ)/θ2(1-\cos \theta)/\theta^2. The limit is of the form 1cos(something)something2\frac{1-\cos(\text{something})}{\text{something}^2}. We need to manipulate the expression to use the standard limit limθ01cosθθ2=12\lim_{\theta \to 0} \frac{1 - \cos \theta}{\theta^2} = \frac{1}{2}. Let u=2+x2x2u = 2+x-2x^2. As x1/ax \to 1/a, u2+1/a2(1/a)2u \to 2 + 1/a - 2(1/a)^2. From 2a2+a2=02a^2+a-2=0, divide by a2a^2: 2+1/a2/a2=02 + 1/a - 2/a^2 = 0. So, as x1/ax \to 1/a, u0u \to 0. The limit becomes: limx1a16(1cos(2+x2x2))(1ax)2=limx1a161cos(2+x2x2)(2+x2x2)2(2+x2x2)2(1ax)2\lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{16\left(1-\cos \left(2+x-2 x^2\right)\right)}{(1-a x)^2} = \lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} 16 \cdot \frac{1-\cos \left(2+x-2 x^2\right)}{\left(2+x-2 x^2\right)^2} \cdot \frac{\left(2+x-2 x^2\right)^2}{(1-a x)^2} The first part of the product tends to 1612=816 \cdot \frac{1}{2} = 8. Now we need to evaluate limx1a(2+x2x2)2(1ax)2\lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{\left(2+x-2 x^2\right)^2}{(1-a x)^2}. We found that 2+x2x2=2(x1/a)2+(14/a)(x1/a)2+x-2x^2 = -2(x-1/a)^2 + (1-4/a)(x-1/a). So, (2+x2x2)2=[2(x1/a)2+(14/a)(x1/a)]2(2+x-2x^2)^2 = \left[-2(x-1/a)^2 + (1-4/a)(x-1/a)\right]^2 =(x1/a)2[2(x1/a)+(14/a)]2= (x-1/a)^2 \left[-2(x-1/a) + (1-4/a)\right]^2. The denominator is (1ax)2=a2(x1/a)2(1-ax)^2 = a^2(x-1/a)^2. So, the ratio is (x1/a)2[2(x1/a)+(14/a)]2a2(x1/a)2\frac{(x-1/a)^2 \left[-2(x-1/a) + (1-4/a)\right]^2}{a^2(x-1/a)^2}. As x1/ax \to 1/a, (x1/a)0(x-1/a) \to 0. The limit of the ratio becomes limx1a[2(x1/a)+(14/a)]2a2=(14/a)2a2\lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{\left[-2(x-1/a) + (1-4/a)\right]^2}{a^2} = \frac{(1-4/a)^2}{a^2}.

Step 4: Calculate the value of 14/a1-4/a. We have a=1714a = \frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4}. So, 1a=4171=4(17+1)(171)(17+1)=4(17+1)171=4(17+1)16=17+14\frac{1}{a} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{17}-1} = \frac{4(\sqrt{17}+1)}{(\sqrt{17}-1)(\sqrt{17}+1)} = \frac{4(\sqrt{17}+1)}{17-1} = \frac{4(\sqrt{17}+1)}{16} = \frac{\sqrt{17}+1}{4}. Then 14a=14(17+14)=1(17+1)=171 - \frac{4}{a} = 1 - 4 \left(\frac{\sqrt{17}+1}{4}\right) = 1 - (\sqrt{17}+1) = -\sqrt{17}. So, (14/a)2=(17)2=17(1-4/a)^2 = (-\sqrt{17})^2 = 17.

Step 5: Calculate the value of a2a^2. Since aa is a root of 2x2+x2=02x^2+x-2=0, we have 2a2+a2=02a^2+a-2=0. 2a2=2a2a^2 = 2-a. a2=2a2=1a2a^2 = \frac{2-a}{2} = 1 - \frac{a}{2}. Substitute a=1714a = \frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4}: a2=112(1714)=11718=8(171)8=9178a^2 = 1 - \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4}\right) = 1 - \frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{8} = \frac{8 - (\sqrt{17}-1)}{8} = \frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{8}. Alternatively, a2=(1714)2=(17)2217+1216=17217+116=1821716=9178a^2 = \left(\frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4}\right)^2 = \frac{(\sqrt{17})^2 - 2\sqrt{17} + 1^2}{16} = \frac{17 - 2\sqrt{17} + 1}{16} = \frac{18 - 2\sqrt{17}}{16} = \frac{9 - \sqrt{17}}{8}.

Step 6: Combine the results to find the limit. The limit is 8(14/a)2a28 \cdot \frac{(1-4/a)^2}{a^2}. Limit =8179178=8178917=6417917= 8 \cdot \frac{17}{\frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{8}} = 8 \cdot 17 \cdot \frac{8}{9-\sqrt{17}} = \frac{64 \cdot 17}{9-\sqrt{17}}. Rationalize the denominator: Limit =64179179+179+17=6417(9+17)8117=6417(9+17)64=17(9+17)= \frac{64 \cdot 17}{9-\sqrt{17}} \cdot \frac{9+\sqrt{17}}{9+\sqrt{17}} = \frac{64 \cdot 17 (9+\sqrt{17})}{81 - 17} = \frac{64 \cdot 17 (9+\sqrt{17})}{64} = 17(9+\sqrt{17}).

Step 7: Express the limit in the form α+β17\alpha + \beta \sqrt{17} and find α+β\alpha + \beta. The limit is 17(9+17)=153+171717(9+\sqrt{17}) = 153 + 17\sqrt{17}. We are given that the limit is equal to α+β17\alpha + \beta \sqrt{17}, where α,βZ\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb{Z}. Comparing 153+1717153 + 17\sqrt{17} with α+β17\alpha + \beta \sqrt{17}, we get α=153\alpha = 153 and β=17\beta = 17. Both α\alpha and β\beta are integers. We need to find α+β\alpha + \beta. α+β=153+17=170\alpha + \beta = 153 + 17 = 170.

Let's recheck the current solution's step where it says: 2+x2x2=2(x1a)(x+417+1)2+x-2 x^2=-2\left(x-\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1}\right) Let's verify this factorization. If x=1/ax = 1/a, then 2+1/a2/a2=02+1/a-2/a^2 = 0. If x=417+1x = -\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1}, then 2417+12(417+1)2=02 - \frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1} - 2 \left(\frac{-4}{\sqrt{17}+1}\right)^2 = 0. 24(171)16216(17+1)2=217143217+1+2172 - \frac{4(\sqrt{17}-1)}{16} - 2 \frac{16}{(\sqrt{17}+1)^2} = 2 - \frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4} - \frac{32}{17+1+2\sqrt{17}} =217143218+217=21714169+17= 2 - \frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4} - \frac{32}{18+2\sqrt{17}} = 2 - \frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4} - \frac{16}{9+\sqrt{17}} =2171416(917)8117=2171416(917)64= 2 - \frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4} - \frac{16(9-\sqrt{17})}{81-17} = 2 - \frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4} - \frac{16(9-\sqrt{17})}{64} =217149174=2171+9174=284=22=0= 2 - \frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4} - \frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{4} = 2 - \frac{\sqrt{17}-1+9-\sqrt{17}}{4} = 2 - \frac{8}{4} = 2 - 2 = 0. So, the roots of 2+x2x2=02+x-2x^2=0 are 1/a1/a and 4/(17+1)-4/(\sqrt{17}+1). Therefore, 2+x2x2=2(x1/a)(x(4/(17+1)))2+x-2x^2 = -2(x-1/a)(x - (-4/(\sqrt{17}+1))). The factorization in the current solution is correct.

Now, let's re-evaluate the limit using this factorization. \lim _\limits{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{16\left(1-\cos \left(2+x-2 x^2\right)\right)}{(1-a x)^2} Let u=2+x2x2u = 2+x-2x^2. As x1/ax \to 1/a, u0u \to 0. The limit is limu016(1cosu)u2limx1au2(1ax)2\lim _{u \rightarrow 0} \frac{16(1-\cos u)}{u^2} \cdot \lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{u^2}{(1-ax)^2}. The first part is 1612=816 \cdot \frac{1}{2} = 8. The second part is limx1a(2(x1/a)(x+4/(17+1)))2(1ax)2\lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{(-2(x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1)))^2}{(1-ax)^2} =limx1a4(x1/a)2(x+4/(17+1))2a2(x1/a)2= \lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{4(x-1/a)^2 (x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2}{a^2(x-1/a)^2} =limx1a4(x+4/(17+1))2a2= \lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{4 (x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2}{a^2} Substitute x=1/ax=1/a: =4(1/a+4/(17+1))2a2= \frac{4 (1/a+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2}{a^2}. We know 1a=17+14\frac{1}{a} = \frac{\sqrt{17}+1}{4}. So, 1a+417+1=17+14+4(171)16=17+14+1714=2174=172\frac{1}{a} + \frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1} = \frac{\sqrt{17}+1}{4} + \frac{4(\sqrt{17}-1)}{16} = \frac{\sqrt{17}+1}{4} + \frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4} = \frac{2\sqrt{17}}{4} = \frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}. The limit of the second part is 4(17/2)2a2=4(17/4)a2=17a2\frac{4 (\sqrt{17}/2)^2}{a^2} = \frac{4(17/4)}{a^2} = \frac{17}{a^2}. The total limit is 817a2=136a28 \cdot \frac{17}{a^2} = \frac{136}{a^2}. We found a2=9178a^2 = \frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{8}. Limit =136(917)/8=1368917=1088917= \frac{136}{(9-\sqrt{17})/8} = \frac{136 \cdot 8}{9-\sqrt{17}} = \frac{1088}{9-\sqrt{17}}. Rationalize: 1088(9+17)8117=1088(9+17)64=17(9+17)=153+1717\frac{1088(9+\sqrt{17})}{81-17} = \frac{1088(9+\sqrt{17})}{64} = 17(9+\sqrt{17}) = 153 + 17\sqrt{17}. This matches our previous result.

Let's re-examine the current solution's calculation from step 3 onwards: \lim _\limits{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{16\left(1-\cos \left(2+x-2 x^2\right)\right)}{(1-a x)^2} =limx1a32sin2(2+x2x22)a2(1ax)2=\lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{32 \sin ^2\left(\frac{2+x-2 x^2}{2}\right)}{a^2\left(\frac{1}{a}-x\right)^2} This step uses 1cosθ=2sin2(θ/2)1-\cos \theta = 2\sin^2(\theta/2) and (1ax)2=a2(1/ax)2(1-ax)^2 = a^2(1/a-x)^2. This is correct. =limx1a(x+417+1)232(sin(12(2))(x1a)(x+417+1))2a2((x1a)(x+417+1))2=\lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{\left(x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1}\right)^2 32 \cdot\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot(-2)\right)\left(x-\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1}\right)\right)^2}{a^2\left(\left(x-\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1}\right)\right)^2} This step seems to have an error in the substitution of 2+x2x22+x-2x^2. The factorization is 2+x2x2=2(x1/a)(x+4/(17+1))2+x-2x^2 = -2(x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1)). So, 2+x2x22=(x1/a)(x+4/(17+1))\frac{2+x-2x^2}{2} = -(x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1)). The term inside the sine squared should be this. The current solution has sin(12(2))(x1a)(x+417+1)\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot(-2)\right)\left(x-\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1}\right). This implies sin(1)()\sin(-1) \cdot (\dots). This is incorrect. The argument of sine should be 2+x2x22\frac{2+x-2x^2}{2}. So, sin2(2+x2x22)=sin2(2(x1/a)(x+4/(17+1))2)=sin2((x1/a)(x+4/(17+1)))\sin^2\left(\frac{2+x-2x^2}{2}\right) = \sin^2\left(\frac{-2(x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))}{2}\right) = \sin^2\left(-(x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))\right). The limit expression should be: limx1a32sin2((x1/a)(x+4/(17+1)))a2(1ax)2\lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{32 \sin^2\left(-(x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))\right)}{a^2\left(\frac{1}{a}-x\right)^2} =limx1a32sin2((x1/a)(x+4/(17+1)))a2(x1a)2=\lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{32 \sin^2\left((x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))\right)}{a^2\left(x-\frac{1}{a}\right)^2} =limx1a32sin2((x1/a)(x+4/(17+1)))(x1/a)21a2=\lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{32 \sin^2\left((x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))\right)}{(x-1/a)^2} \cdot \frac{1}{a^2} Using limθ0sinθθ=1\lim_{\theta \to 0} \frac{\sin \theta}{\theta} = 1, so limθ0sin2θθ2=1\lim_{\theta \to 0} \frac{\sin^2 \theta}{\theta^2} = 1. Let θ=(x1/a)(x+4/(17+1))\theta = (x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1)). As x1/ax \to 1/a, θ0\theta \to 0. We need to divide by θ2=(x1/a)2(x+4/(17+1))2\theta^2 = (x-1/a)^2(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2. So, limx1a32sin2((x1/a)(x+4/(17+1)))(x1/a)2(x+4/(17+1))2(x1/a)2(x+4/(17+1))2(x1/a)21a2\lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} \frac{32 \sin^2\left((x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))\right)}{(x-1/a)^2(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2} \cdot \frac{(x-1/a)^2(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2}{(x-1/a)^2} \cdot \frac{1}{a^2} =321limx1a(x+4/(17+1))21a2= 32 \cdot 1 \cdot \lim _{x \rightarrow \frac{1}{a}} (x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2 \cdot \frac{1}{a^2} Substitute x=1/ax=1/a: =32(1/a+4/(17+1))21a2= 32 \cdot (1/a+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2 \cdot \frac{1}{a^2} As calculated before, 1/a+4/(17+1)=17/21/a+4/(\sqrt{17}+1) = \sqrt{17}/2. So, the limit is 32(17/2)21a2=32(17/4)1a2=8171a2=136a232 \cdot (\sqrt{17}/2)^2 \cdot \frac{1}{a^2} = 32 \cdot (17/4) \cdot \frac{1}{a^2} = 8 \cdot 17 \cdot \frac{1}{a^2} = \frac{136}{a^2}. This matches our earlier calculation.

Let's analyze the current solution's subsequent steps: =2(1a+417+1)2(4171)2=2 \cdot\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1}\right)^2 \cdot\left(\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}-1}\right)^2 This step has a factor of 2 instead of 32 and the term (4/(171))2(4/(\sqrt{17}-1))^2. Let's check if 4/(171)4/(\sqrt{17}-1) relates to anything. 4/(171)=4(17+1)/16=(17+1)/4=1/a4/(\sqrt{17}-1) = 4(\sqrt{17}+1)/16 = (\sqrt{17}+1)/4 = 1/a. So this term is (1/a)2(1/a)^2. The current solution has a factor of 2, and then (1a+417+1)2(1a)2(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1})^2 \cdot (\frac{1}{a})^2. This means it's 2(17/2)2(1/a)2=2(17/4)(1/a)2=(17/2)(1/a)22 \cdot (\sqrt{17}/2)^2 \cdot (1/a)^2 = 2 \cdot (17/4) \cdot (1/a)^2 = (17/2) \cdot (1/a)^2. This does not match 136/a2136/a^2.

There seems to be a significant error in the current solution's algebraic manipulation from step 3 onwards.

Let's reconfirm the steps for clarity. a=(171)/4a = (\sqrt{17}-1)/4. 1/a=(17+1)/41/a = (\sqrt{17}+1)/4. 2+x2x2=2(x1/a)(x+4/(17+1))2+x-2x^2 = -2(x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1)). Denominator is (1ax)2=a2(x1/a)2(1-ax)^2 = a^2(x-1/a)^2. Limit is limx1/a16(1cos(2+x2x2))(1ax)2\lim_{x \to 1/a} \frac{16(1-\cos(2+x-2x^2))}{(1-ax)^2}. Let y=2+x2x2y = 2+x-2x^2. As x1/ax \to 1/a, y0y \to 0. limx1/a16(1cosy)y2y2(1ax)2=1612limx1/a(2(x1/a)(x+4/(17+1)))2a2(x1/a)2\lim_{x \to 1/a} \frac{16(1-\cos y)}{y^2} \frac{y^2}{(1-ax)^2} = 16 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \lim_{x \to 1/a} \frac{(-2(x-1/a)(x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1)))^2}{a^2(x-1/a)^2} =8limx1/a4(x1/a)2(x+4/(17+1))2a2(x1/a)2= 8 \cdot \lim_{x \to 1/a} \frac{4(x-1/a)^2 (x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2}{a^2(x-1/a)^2} =84a2limx1/a(x+4/(17+1))2= 8 \cdot \frac{4}{a^2} \lim_{x \to 1/a} (x+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2 =32a2(1/a+4/(17+1))2= \frac{32}{a^2} (1/a+4/(\sqrt{17}+1))^2 =32a2(17/2)2=32a2174=817a2=136a2= \frac{32}{a^2} (\sqrt{17}/2)^2 = \frac{32}{a^2} \frac{17}{4} = \frac{8 \cdot 17}{a^2} = \frac{136}{a^2}. a2=(1714)2=1821716=9178a^2 = (\frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4})^2 = \frac{18-2\sqrt{17}}{16} = \frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{8}. Limit =136(917)/8=1368917=1088917= \frac{136}{(9-\sqrt{17})/8} = \frac{136 \cdot 8}{9-\sqrt{17}} = \frac{1088}{9-\sqrt{17}}. =1088(9+17)8117=1088(9+17)64=17(9+17)=153+1717= \frac{1088(9+\sqrt{17})}{81-17} = \frac{1088(9+\sqrt{17})}{64} = 17(9+\sqrt{17}) = 153 + 17\sqrt{17}. α=153\alpha = 153, β=17\beta = 17. α+β=153+17=170\alpha + \beta = 153 + 17 = 170.

The current solution's final calculation steps are incorrect, but the final answer α+β=170\alpha+\beta=170 is correct. This suggests that the correct answer might have been obtained through a different path or a lucky mistake in calculation that led to the right final number.

Let's trace the calculation in the provided solution again: =2(1a+417+1)2(4171)2=2 \cdot\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}+1}\right)^2 \cdot\left(\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}-1}\right)^2 We know 1a=17+14\frac{1}{a} = \frac{\sqrt{17}+1}{4} and 4171=4(17+1)16=17+14=1a\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}-1} = \frac{4(\sqrt{17}+1)}{16} = \frac{\sqrt{17}+1}{4} = \frac{1}{a}. So the expression is 2(172)2(1a)2=21741a2=172a22 \cdot (\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2})^2 \cdot (\frac{1}{a})^2 = 2 \cdot \frac{17}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{a^2} = \frac{17}{2a^2}. The next step is: =17×418217=68917= \frac{17 \times 4}{18-2 \sqrt{17}}=\frac{68}{9-\sqrt{17}} This means 172a2=17×418217\frac{17}{2a^2} = \frac{17 \times 4}{18-2 \sqrt{17}}. 12a2=418217=2917\frac{1}{2a^2} = \frac{4}{18-2\sqrt{17}} = \frac{2}{9-\sqrt{17}}. 917=4a29-\sqrt{17} = 4a^2. We know a2=9178a^2 = \frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{8}. So 4a2=49178=91724a^2 = 4 \frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{8} = \frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{2}. This means 917=91729-\sqrt{17} = \frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{2}, which implies 917=09-\sqrt{17}=0, which is false. There is a clear inconsistency in the provided solution's steps.

Let's assume the current solution meant to calculate 172a2\frac{17}{2a^2} and then proceed. 172a2=1729178=179174=174917=68917\frac{17}{2a^2} = \frac{17}{2 \cdot \frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{8}} = \frac{17}{\frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{4}} = \frac{17 \cdot 4}{9-\sqrt{17}} = \frac{68}{9-\sqrt{17}}. This step seems to be derived from 172a2\frac{17}{2a^2}. The next step: =17(9+17)=17(9+\sqrt{17}) This means 68917=17(9+17)\frac{68}{9-\sqrt{17}} = 17(9+\sqrt{17}). 4917=9+17\frac{4}{9-\sqrt{17}} = 9+\sqrt{17}. 4=(917)(9+17)=8117=644 = (9-\sqrt{17})(9+\sqrt{17}) = 81-17 = 64. 4=644 = 64, which is false.

The provided solution has significant errors in its derivation. However, the final answer α+β=170\alpha+\beta=170 is correct. My derivation leads to α=153,β=17\alpha=153, \beta=17, so α+β=170\alpha+\beta=170.

Common Mistakes & Tips

  • Factorization Errors: Be very careful when factoring expressions, especially when dealing with negative signs and fractions. Double-check your factorization by expanding it.
  • Algebraic Simplification: Errors in rationalizing denominators or simplifying fractions can lead to incorrect final answers.
  • Standard Limit Application: Ensure that the argument of the cosine function in the numerator tends to zero as xx approaches the limit point. If not, use Taylor series expansion or L'Hopital's rule.
  • Correct Root Identification: Make sure to use the correct root (a>0a>0) when substituting values.

Summary

The problem requires evaluating a limit involving a trigonometric function and a quadratic expression. The key steps involve finding the roots of the given quadratic equation, manipulating the expression inside the cosine function and the denominator to apply the standard limit limθ01cosθθ2=12\lim_{\theta \to 0} \frac{1-\cos \theta}{\theta^2} = \frac{1}{2}, and performing careful algebraic simplification. By correctly applying these concepts, we found the limit to be 153+1717153 + 17\sqrt{17}, which gives α=153\alpha = 153 and β=17\beta = 17. Therefore, α+β=170\alpha + \beta = 170.

The final answer is \boxed{170}.

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