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JEE Main 2023
Sets, Relations & Functions
Functions
Hard

Question

If the domain of the function f(x)=x225(4x2)+log10(x2+2x15)f(x)=\frac{\sqrt{x^2-25}}{\left(4-x^2\right)}+\log _{10}\left(x^2+2 x-15\right) is (,α)[β,)(-\infty, \alpha) \cup[\beta, \infty), then α2+β3\alpha^2+\beta^3 is equal to :

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Solution

Key Concepts and Formulas

  • Domain of g(x)\sqrt{g(x)}: The expression inside the square root must be non-negative, i.e., g(x)0g(x) \ge 0.
  • Domain of 1h(x)\frac{1}{h(x)}: The denominator cannot be zero, i.e., h(x)0h(x) \ne 0.
  • Domain of logb(k(x))\log_b(k(x)): The argument of the logarithm must be strictly positive, i.e., k(x)>0k(x) > 0. The base bb must be positive and not equal to 1.
  • Intersection of Domains: The domain of a composite function is the intersection of the domains of its individual components.

Step-by-Step Solution

Step 1: Analyze the square root term x225\sqrt{x^2-25} For x225\sqrt{x^2-25} to be defined, the expression inside the square root must be non-negative. x2250x^2 - 25 \ge 0 Factoring the quadratic expression, we get: (x5)(x+5)0(x-5)(x+5) \ge 0 The roots are x=5x = 5 and x=5x = -5. Analyzing the sign of the quadratic (x5)(x+5)(x-5)(x+5), we find that it is non-negative when x5x \le -5 or x5x \ge 5. Thus, the domain for this term is D1=(,5][5,)D_1 = (-\infty, -5] \cup [5, \infty).

Step 2: Analyze the denominator term (4x2)(4-x^2) For the fraction x2254x2\frac{\sqrt{x^2-25}}{4-x^2} to be defined, the denominator cannot be zero. 4x204 - x^2 \ne 0 Factoring the difference of squares, we get: (2x)(2+x)0(2-x)(2+x) \ne 0 This implies x2x \ne 2 and x2x \ne -2. Thus, the restriction from the denominator is D2=R{2,2}D_2 = \mathbb{R} \setminus \{-2, 2\}.

Step 3: Analyze the logarithm term log10(x2+2x15)\log_{10}(x^2+2x-15) For log10(x2+2x15)\log_{10}(x^2+2x-15) to be defined, the argument of the logarithm must be strictly positive. x2+2x15>0x^2 + 2x - 15 > 0 Factoring the quadratic expression, we get: (x+5)(x3)>0(x+5)(x-3) > 0 The roots are x=5x = -5 and x=3x = 3. Analyzing the sign of the quadratic (x+5)(x3)(x+5)(x-3), we find that it is strictly positive when x<5x < -5 or x>3x > 3. Thus, the domain for this term is D3=(,5)(3,)D_3 = (-\infty, -5) \cup (3, \infty).

Step 4: Determine the overall domain of f(x)f(x) The domain of f(x)f(x) is the intersection of the domains D1D_1, D2D_2, and D3D_3. First, let's find the intersection of D1D_1 and D3D_3: D1=(,5][5,)D_1 = (-\infty, -5] \cup [5, \infty) D3=(,5)(3,)D_3 = (-\infty, -5) \cup (3, \infty)

The intersection of (,5](-\infty, -5] and (,5)(-\infty, -5) is (,5)(-\infty, -5) because 5-5 is excluded from D3D_3. The intersection of [5,)[5, \infty) and (3,)(3, \infty) is [5,)[5, \infty) because [5,)[5, \infty) is a subset of (3,)(3, \infty). So, D1D3=(,5)[5,)D_1 \cap D_3 = (-\infty, -5) \cup [5, \infty).

Now, we intersect this result with D2=R{2,2}D_2 = \mathbb{R} \setminus \{-2, 2\}. The set (,5)[5,)(-\infty, -5) \cup [5, \infty) does not contain the values 2-2 or 22. Therefore, excluding 2-2 and 22 does not change the set. The overall domain of f(x)f(x) is D=(,5)[5,)D = (-\infty, -5) \cup [5, \infty).

Step 5: Identify α\alpha and β\beta The problem states that the domain of f(x)f(x) is (,α)[β,)(-\infty, \alpha) \cup [\beta, \infty). Comparing this with our derived domain D=(,5)[5,)D = (-\infty, -5) \cup [5, \infty), we can conclude that: α=5\alpha = -5 β=5\beta = 5

Step 6: Calculate α2+β3\alpha^2 + \beta^3 We need to find the value of α2+β3\alpha^2 + \beta^3. α2+β3=(5)2+(5)3\alpha^2 + \beta^3 = (-5)^2 + (5)^3 =25+125= 25 + 125 =150= 150

Common Mistakes & Tips

  • Strict vs. Non-strict Inequalities: Be careful to use 0\ge 0 for square roots and >0> 0 for logarithms. This difference is crucial for determining whether endpoints are included in the domain.
  • Intersection of Intervals: When intersecting intervals, ensure that all conditions are met simultaneously. Visualizing the intervals on a number line can be very helpful.
  • Excluding Points: Remember to exclude points that make a denominator zero or are not allowed in the domain of a logarithm.

Summary To find the domain of the given function, we analyzed the conditions imposed by the square root, the denominator, and the logarithm separately. The square root required x2250x^2 - 25 \ge 0, leading to x(,5][5,)x \in (-\infty, -5] \cup [5, \infty). The denominator 4x24-x^2 could not be zero, so x±2x \ne \pm 2. The logarithm x2+2x15x^2+2x-15 required x2+2x15>0x^2+2x-15 > 0, leading to x(,5)(3,)x \in (-\infty, -5) \cup (3, \infty). The intersection of these conditions yielded the domain (,5)[5,)(-\infty, -5) \cup [5, \infty). Comparing this to the given form (,α)[β,)(-\infty, \alpha) \cup [\beta, \infty), we found α=5\alpha = -5 and β=5\beta = 5. Finally, calculating α2+β3=(5)2+(5)3=25+125=150\alpha^2 + \beta^3 = (-5)^2 + (5)^3 = 25 + 125 = 150.

The final answer is 150\boxed{150}.

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