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Database Normalization

First and Second Normal Forms

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1NF and 2NF

First Normal Form (1NF)

A table is in 1NF if:

  • All attributes contain atomic (indivisible) values
  • No repeating groups or arrays
  • Each row is unique (has primary key)

1NF Violation and Fix

Second Normal Form (2NF)

A table is in 2NF if:

  • It is in 1NF
  • No partial dependencies (non-prime attributes fully depend on the whole candidate key)

2NF Violation and Fix