Introduction to MongoDB

Introduction to MongoDB

MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database designed for scalability and flexibility.

Document Database Concepts

SQL Term	MongoDB Term
Database	Database
Table	Collection
Row	Document
Column	Field
JOIN	Embedded documents / $lookup
Primary Key	_id field

MongoDB Document Example

When to Use MongoDB

• Flexible schema: Documents can have varying structures
• Embedded data: Related data stored together
• Horizontal scaling: Built-in sharding
• High write throughput: Optimized for writes
• Geospatial data: Native geospatial support
• Real-time analytics: Aggregation pipeline

MongoDB Architecture

Python Libraries for MongoDB

Library	Use Case
PyMongo	Synchronous MongoDB driver
Motor	Async MongoDB driver (asyncio/Tornado)
MongoEngine	ODM (Object-Document Mapper)
Beanie	Async ODM with Pydantic