Specialized Index Types

Text Indexes

# Create text index
db.articles.create_index([("title", "text"), ("content", "text")])

# Or single field
db.articles.create_index([("content", "text")])

# Search text
results = db.articles.find({"$text": {"$search": "mongodb python"}})

# Search phrases
results = db.articles.find({"$text": {"$search": '"python tutorial"'}})

# Exclude words
results = db.articles.find({"$text": {"$search": "mongodb -sql"}})

# With text score
results = db.articles.find(
    {"$text": {"$search": "mongodb"}},
    {"score": {"$meta": "textScore"}}
).sort([("score", {"$meta": "textScore"})])

Geospatial Indexes

# 2dsphere index for GeoJSON
db.places.create_index([("location", "2dsphere")])

# Document with GeoJSON
db.places.insert_one({
    "name": "Coffee Shop",
    "location": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [-73.97, 40.77]  # [longitude, latitude]
    }
})

# Find nearby
results = db.places.find({
    "location": {
        "$near": {
            "$geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [-73.98, 40.76]
            },
            "$maxDistance": 1000  # meters
        }
    }
})

# Find within polygon
results = db.places.find({
    "location": {
        "$geoWithin": {
            "$geometry": {
                "type": "Polygon",
                "coordinates": [[
                    [-74, 40.7], [-73.9, 40.7],
                    [-73.9, 40.8], [-74, 40.8], [-74, 40.7]
                ]]
            }
        }
    }
})

Wildcard Indexes

# Index all fields in a subdocument
db.products.create_index({"attributes.$**": 1})

# Queries that can use wildcard index:
db.products.find({"attributes.color": "red"})
db.products.find({"attributes.size": "large"})

# Index all fields
db.data.create_index({"$**": 1})

Hashed Indexes

# For equality queries and sharding
db.users.create_index([("user_id", "hashed")])

# Only supports equality
db.users.find({"user_id": "abc123"})  # Uses index
db.users.find({"user_id": {"$gt": "a"}})  # Cannot use index

Multikey Indexes (Arrays)

# Automatically created for array fields
db.products.create_index("tags")

# Document: {"tags": ["electronics", "sale", "featured"]}

# These queries use the index:
db.products.find({"tags": "electronics"})
db.products.find({"tags": {"$in": ["sale", "new"]}})

Specialized Indexes

Specialized Indexes

Specialized Index Types

Text Indexes

Geospatial Indexes

Wildcard Indexes

Hashed Indexes

Multikey Indexes (Arrays)