I/O Systems
I/O Hardware
- Device Controller: Hardware interface to device
- Device Driver: Software interface to OS
- Port: Connection point (USB, SATA)
- Bus: Communication pathway (PCI, PCIe)
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LearnStep 1 of 2
I/O Systems
Learning Objectives
- •Understand I/O hardware
- •Learn I/O techniques
Lesson Outline
LearnStep 1/2
I/O Systems
2. Interrupt-Driven I/O
3. DMA (Direct Memory Access)
Comparison
| Method | CPU Usage | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Polling | High (busy-wait) | Fast devices |
| Interrupt | Medium | Slow devices |
| DMA | Low | Bulk transfers |